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CHARACTERISTICS

Clinical Characteristics Of COVID-19

COVID-19 global epidemic

  • Human to Human Transmission

COVID-19, an acute respiratory infection that primarily spreads through the respiratory tract via respiratory secretion and physical contact. It was also reported on 10th February 2020 that strains of COVID-19 were isolated from fecal swabs of a pneumonia patient at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China. As strains of novel coronavirus were recovered from blood and fecal swabs, it became obvious that this virus is not just spreading by simple respiratory secretions but rather in a very different way(s).

  • Affected Organs

The novel Coronavirus uses the receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) which is an enzyme that converts Angiotensin-II to Angiotensin-(1-7). Angiotensin-II is a vasoconstrictor(a compound which helps in narrowing of blood vessels) and ACE-2 catalyzes its hydrolysis to ACE-(1-7) which is a vasodilator that helps in the relaxation of nerves in the lungs. Coronavirus uses ACE-2 as a medium to interact with the living cell of the human body and uses reverse transcription to convert that cell into a virus manufacturing factory.

 ACE-2 is localized to Nasal and Oral Mucosa, lungs, stomach, small intestine.

  • Genome Size and Mutation
COVID-19 structure and genome size


As per the information provided by the World Health Organization one strain of COVID-19 genome is about 29.9 kb. It lies in between the genome size of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which was 27.9 and 30.1 kb respectively. The virus has shown a steady rate of mutation in patients across China. This observation was carried out by various healthcare professionals across China. A set of strains of various Genome types were analyzed in different patients from several provinces in China and it was found that COVID-19 had mutated in those patients but the degree of mutation was less as compared to Avian Influenza(H7N9). This shows that we don't have any need to worry about COVID-19 becoming lethal in a short time. Mutation allows viruses to attack different parts of the body and also causes it to become more lethal causing a different set of symptoms to appear in the infected person.

  • Clinical Symptoms Of COVID-19
Symptom of fever and headache during COVID-19 infection

A study lead by professor Nan-Shan Zhong and his team by sampling 1099 lab-confirmed cases discovered that common clinical COVID-19 symptoms were as follows
  1. fever(88.7%)
  2. cough(67.8%)
  3. fatigue(38.1%)
  4. sputum production(33.4%)
  5. shortness of breath(18.6%)
  6. sore throat(13.9%)
  7. headache(13.6%)
  8. diarrhea(3.8%)
  9. vomiting(5.0%)

From the above data, we can conclude that approximately about 90% of the times COVID-19 shows the symptom of fever.

 source:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068984/

COVID-19 although not lethal if one has a strong immune system but is very contagious and spreads at a very fast rate.

 Stay home, stay safe.

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